Mirian Martinez-Aranda

All these challenges have detrimental psychological impacts on both the detainee and their loved ones on the outside. A study published last year by UC Irvine sociologist Mirian G. Martinez-Aranda found that “weaponized waiting” — bureaucratic, sometimes arbitrary burdens placed on visiting families by ICE — were psychologically harmful to those impacted by immigration detention. “Not only do visitors lose control over their time, the resulting separation from their detained loved ones produces feelings of powerlessness, anger and despair,” the study found.

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