“In our series of experiments, we thought we’d see that children would display positive direct reciprocity—the tendency to pay back those who have helped—from an early age. That wasn’t the case,” says lead author Nadia Chernyak, assistant professor of cognitive sciences at the University of California, Irvine. “Preschool-aged children showed almost no awareness that they should repay favors.”

For the full story, please visit https://www.futurity.org/reciprocity-revenge-retaliate-preschoolers-2259662/.

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