At what age do children begin to form concepts of gender norms from observing their parents and caregivers? In a recent PNAS study, Allegra Midgette of Texas A&M University; Nadia Chernyak of the University of California, Irvine; and colleagues addressed that question by interviewing 215 children between 3 and 10 years old, from both the United States and China. The interviews, as well as questionnaires filled out by caregivers, showed that, by preschool age, children perceived and accepted the inequalities in divisions of labor between men and women in their homes.

Listen in as Chernyak and Midgette explain their work: https://www.pnas.org/post/podcast/children-perceive-gendered-division-household-work