Young children with fathers in prison are more likely to have behavior problems and suffer from depression, and middle-class children may especially feel the pain, according to Kristin Turney, a sociologist at the University of California at Irvine. “These families are likely to experience the biggest loss, to suffer the greatest changes in family routines, to be unprepared for the resultant hardship, and to be unable to mobilize social support networks,” she wrote.

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