From NPR:
Wang Feng, a leading demographer in China and a sociologist at the University of California, Irvine, has spent more than a decade urging Chinese officials to change the one-child policy. Until relatively recently, he said, the topic was too sensitive for public discussion. …Wang credits this month's policy change to a new, more confident group of Chinese leaders who took office earlier this year. He said they seem to recognize the policy has created big demographic problems in China, including a rapidly aging society and a shrinking labor force.

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