Low-wage workers and low-income families are often not one and the same. Being a low-wage worker and being in a low-income family is a "weak" correlation for three reasons, wrote economist and professor David Neumark of UC Irvine. "First, 57 percent of poor families with heads of household ages 18–64 have no workers," he wrote in the Federal Reserve Board Economic Letter, December 28, 2015. "Second, some workers are poor not because of low wages but because of low hours; third, many low-wage workers, such as teens, are not in poor families."

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