Cognitive science embraces dual process theory, in which all behavior lies on a spectrum from automatic/reflexive behavior to rational/controlled behavior. Skilled behavior challenges this view. Dr. Jennings will present what she calls the puzzle of skilled behavior: skilled behavior has qualities of both intentional and non-intentional action. Unlike exemplar intentional behaviors, for example, skilled behavior does not require attention. Jennings will argue that evidence on skilled behavior calls for us to distinguish two types of control--rational control and expert control--both of which allow for intentional action. Jennings calls this a hierarchical control theory, as it introduces “middle management” to the theory of control.