Evaluating the effectiveness of public health programs is essential to assess whether policies effectively prevent and control mortality and morbidity and whether programs are a good use of public resources and efficient in reducing social inequalities. In this seminar, Benmarhnia will present quasi-experimental methods to evaluate the impact of public health policies on population health and equity. Benmarhnia will also present as an example the evaluation of a Heat Action Plan on mortality and heterogeneous effects across different populations.